A comprehensive seismic evaluation of the existing Golden Gate Bridge was performed using Program KARMA by engineers at karma2go, LLC. The bridge was subjected to a magnitude 8.3 earthquake and its vulnerabilities identified. Based on the nonlinear time history KARMA analyses results, seismic retrofit schemes were recommended for the San Francisco Approach Viaduct, the Arch over historic Fort Point called the Fort Point Arch, the two reinforced concrete pylons abutting the arch and the South Anchorage Housing which houses and anchors the suspension span cables at the San Francisco end. The recommended retrofits were incorporated in the KARMA models and the retrofitted bridge reanalyzed for the 8.3 magnitude earthquake. Model images and response animations were generated with program SWAMI.

Seismic evaluation and retrofit for Chirag-1 twin jacket structures was performed utilizing program KARMA. Currently it is the largest oil producing field in the Caspian Sea. The project was conducted in three phases. Phase I consisted of evaluating the seismic vulnerabilities of the existing structures. Different retrofit schemes were evaluated and a final retrofit scheme recommended in Phase II. The Phase III evaluated the seismic performance of the final retrofitted structures. A comprehensive seismic risk assessment was part of Phase II work-scope. Three-dimensional nonlinear KARMA models were created for this study. These models explicitly included the nonlinear models of the piles and the surrounding soil. Nonlinear dynamic time history analyses were performed including soil-structure interaction. Program SWAMI was used to generate graphics and videos of response motions.

K2GO staff performed a comprehensive seismic risk assessment was performed of the ballpark for the financial institutions. The project included the following.

• Comprehensive site-specific seismic hazard analysis.
• Creating 3-D fully nonlinear mathematical models of ballpark sections.
• Performing 3-D nonlinear dynamic time history analyses for various recorded ground motions simulating various earthquake magnitudes and distances.
• Quantifying seismic risk, calculating Probable Maximum Losses (PML), and generating Probability of Exceedance vs. Estimated Losses Curves.

Pacific Bell Park

A comprehensive seismic evaluation of the International House was conducted utilizing program KARMA. This dorm is an eight story reinforced concrete building. A three-dimensional fully nonlinear model was created and subjected to several intensities of seismic motions originating at the Hayward fault.

Three-dimensional linear and nonlinear dynamic time history analyses were performed utilizing several recorded ground motions simulating different earthquake magnitudes and distances. Program SWAMI was used to generate graphics.

A comprehensive Seismic Risk Assessment was performed for the Central YMCA. K2GO’s project scope included the following.

• Site-specific hazard analysis
  
• Establishing project performance criteria
  
• Creating 3-D fully nonlinear mathematical models of the existing building and the proposed retrofits.
  
• Performing 3-D nonlinear dynamic time history analyses for various recorded ground motions simulating various earthquake magnitudes and distances.
  
• Quantifying seismic risk for the existing building.
  
• Proposing and verifying several retrofit schemes including risk assessment of the proposed retrofit schemes.
  
• Optimization, Decision Analysis and final recommendations.
  

The methodology utilized is based on K2GO’s technology which probabilistically couples the triggering events, the subsequent damage/consequences and the resulting losses. Uncertainties in each component are included in calculating the estimated loss profiles.

The triggering events in this study were the combination of storm surge, tide, waves and associated overtopping of dikes, and rainfall. Probable maximum losses (PML) and curves depicting probability of exceedance versus estimated losses were generated for the as-built condition and all the investigated mitigation options. The final mitigation scheme was selected and recommended utilizing optimization and decision analysis.